The term “garnet” actually refers to a variety of gemstones. These gemstones are composed of closely-related minerals and come in several colours from the most brilliant green tsavorite garnet and the flaming orange spessartine garnet are found in East Africa, specifically Kenya, Tanzania, and Madagascar. Garnets are also mined in Brazil, the Indian subcontinent, and the United States.
Amethyst is a variety of quartz. Its purple colour comes from impurities in the crystal structure and it’s colour can range from light purple to a deep, royal purple.
An amethyst ring carved with Cupid’s image is said to have been worn by St. Valentine.
Aquamarine gets its name from Latin “aqua marina” which means “sea water.” It references the similarity of the gemstone’s colour and clarity to that of the ocean.
Decorative jewellery and protective amulets using aquamarine have been found that date back as far as 500 B.C. Believed to be a precious treasure from mermaids, sailors have worn aquamarine amulets to keep them safe at sea.
Diamonds are the only gems made of one element. They are made of pure carbon. Diamond is the hardest and purest natural substance man has ever discovered in nature.
The first diamond engagement ring was given to Mary of Burgundy from the Archduke Maximilian of Austria.
Emeralds belong to the beryl family, which is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminum Silicate.
Emeralds are more than 20 times rarer than diamonds, top quality natural emeralds are amongst the rarest and most valuable coloured gemstones in the world with intense, vivid green emeralds being the most desirable and expensive.
Pearls are unique in the gemstone world because they are the most precious organic gems. Pearls are formed inside the soft flesh of an oyster. Natural gemstones are formed deep in the earth’s crust.
For most of human history, pearls have been extremely rare and expensive. However, in the last century, methods of pearl cultivation have been developed that make fine pearls more accessible to everyone. Pearls range dramatically in value depending on their size, colour, lustre, surface quality, orient, shape, compactness and genesis. The most valuable pearls are natural (uncultured), perfectly round, perfectly smooth and with a high lustre.
Rubies are a member of the corundum family, are the second hardest after diamonds and rank 9 on the Mohs scale of hardness. They are as resilient as their sister gemstone sapphire and only slightly softer than diamonds, meaning they are among the toughest and most enduring gemstones known to mankind. Rubies, sapphires and diamonds make excellent, durable engagement rings.
Peridot is the gem variety of olivine, a mineral with a chemical composition that includes iron and magnesium. The iron in the gems is what causes peridot’s yellowish-green colour.
Since its discovery, peridot has been associated with light. The Egyptians called peridot the “gem of the sun.” However, the word peridot means “gem” and came from the Arabic word “faridat.”
Sapphire is a member of the corundum family of gemstones. Although typically thought of as blue, sapphires come in a rainbow of colours, from violet, green, yellow, orange, pink, purple, and intermediate hues. Sapphires in any colour but blue are called “fancies.” However, red is an exception because it is classified as ruby.
Tourmaline is one of the most versatile gemstones, occurring in every colour of the rainbow and can be bi-coloured having two or more colours in one gemstone. Tourmaline has a long and colourful history, with ancient Egyptians believing its wide variety of colours resulted from travelling along the rainbow, capturing all the different shades as it went. It is also thought of as the gemstone of friendship and everlasting love.
The most common colour of Topaz is blue. Imperial Topaz is the most rarest and valuable variety of precious topaz and features intense, natural hues ranging from golden yellow and orange through to vibrant pink and reddish-orange. Traditionally it was believes that if topaz was kept in the home it would radiate good health for those living there.
Tanzanite is a rare, vibrant violet-blue gemstone variety of mineral zoisite, found exclusively in a small mining area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Discovered in 1967, it is a popular December birthstone known for its strong trichroism (displaying blue, violet and red flashes) and is often valued for its deep saturation, making it a popular and affordable alternative to sapphire. However it is not very durable for every day wear and tear.
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